大都会Metropolis

剧情简介Synopsis

《大都会》（德语：Metropolis）是一部1927年上映、魏玛共和国时期制作的无声科幻德国表现主义电影，该片由佛列兹·朗执导，并与编剧蒂娅·冯·哈布共同撰写剧本，改编自冯·哈布1925年的同名小说（该小说原本即作为电影剧本处理而创作）。 主演包括古斯塔夫·弗勒利希、阿尔弗雷德·阿贝尔、鲁道夫·克莱因-罗格以及布里吉特·黑尔姆。制片人为埃里希·波默，电影在巴贝尔斯堡摄影棚为乌发电影公司制作。被视为电影史上最早的长篇科幻片之一。 本片于1925年至1926年间历时17个月拍摄完成，耗资超过五百万国家马克， 相当于约€20百万。故事背景设定于未来的反乌托邦城市，讲述城市统治者之子弗雷德与工人精神领袖玛丽亚如何跨越阶级鸿沟，努力促使劳动阶层与城市统治者约翰·弗雷德森（Joh Fredersen）和解。电影结尾以字幕呈现主旨：“头与手之间的调解者必须是心”。 《大都会》上映时评价两极。影评人赞赏其宏伟壮丽的美术设计与特效，布景设计师包括奥托·洪特、埃里希·凯特尔胡特及卡尔·福尔布雷希特，其风格受到歌剧、包浩斯、立体主义与未来主义影响，并融合了哥特式艺术元素，例如地下墓穴、大教堂及罗特万的宅邸场景。 然而剧情被批评过于天真。 赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯称其“愚蠢”，而《科幻百科全书》则评其故事“陈腐”，政治观点“过度简化”。同时，电影也被认为带有共产主义色彩。由于片长过长，本片在德国首映后即被大幅删剪。自1970年代起，电影历经多次修复。1984年，意大利音乐制作人乔治·莫罗德尔推出删减版本，并由弗雷迪·默丘里、爱情特快车合唱团、亚当·安特等摇滚歌手配乐。2001年，《大都会》修复版于柏林影展放映。2008年，阿根廷博物馆发现导演朗原始剪辑版的残缺胶卷，并与新西兰典藏片段整合修复，使电影长度距原始版本仅差约五分钟。该版本于2010年2月12日在柏林与法兰克福同步公开放映。 《大都会》现今被公认为影史上最伟大且最具影响力的电影之一，在《视与听》2022年影评人票选中名列第67位。 2001年，本片被联合国教育、科学及文化组织列入《世界记忆名录》，成为首部获此殊荣的电影。 本片在美国的《美国版权法》保护期届满后已进入公有领域。Metropolis is a 1927 German expressionist science-fiction silent film directed by Fritz Lang and written by Thea von Harbou in collaboration with Lang, based on von Harbou's 1925 novel of the same name (which was written as a treatment). It stars Gustav Fröhlich, Alfred Abel, Rudolf Klein-Rogge, and Brigitte Helm. Erich Pommer produced it in the Babelsberg Studio for Universum Film A.G. (UFA). Metropolis is regarded as a pioneering science-fiction film, being among the first feature-length ones of that genre. Filming took place over 17 months in 1925–1926 at a cost of more than five million Reichsmarks, or the equivalent of about €21 million. Made in Germany during the Weimar period, Metropolis is set in a futuristic urban dystopia and follows the attempts of Freder, the wealthy son of the city master, and Maria, a saintly figure to the workers, to overcome the vast gulf separating the classes in their city and bring the workers together with Joh Fredersen, the city master. The film's message is encompassed in the final intertitle: "The Mediator Between the Head and the Hands Must Be the Heart". Metropolis met a mixed reception upon release. Critics found it visually beautiful and powerful – the film's art direction by Otto Hunte, Erich Kettelhut, and Karl Vollbrecht draws influence from opera, Bauhaus, Cubist, and Futurist design, along with touches of the Gothic in the scenes in the catacombs, the cathedral and Rotwang's house – and lauded its complex special effects, but accused its story of being naïve. H. G. Wells described the film as "silly", and The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction calls the story "trite" and its politics "ludicrously simplistic". Its alleged communist message was also criticized. The film's long running time also came in for criticism. It was cut substantially after its German premiere. Many attempts have been made since the 1970s to restore the film. In 1984, Italian music producer Giorgio Moroder released a truncated version with a soundtrack by rock artists including Freddie Mercury, Loverboy, Bonnie Tyler, and Adam Ant. In 2001, a new reconstruction of Metropolis was shown at the Berlin Film Festival. In 2008, a damaged print of Lang's original cut of the film was found in a museum in Argentina. Footage from this print and a second one archived in New Zealand was restored and re-integrated into the film, bringing it to within five minutes of its original running time. This version was shown on large screens in Berlin and Frankfurt simultaneously on 12 February 2010. Metropolis is now widely regarded as being one of the greatest and most influential films ever made, ranking 67th in Sight and Sound's 2022 critics' poll, and receiving general critical acclaim. In 2001, the film was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World International Register, the first film thus distinguished. On 1 January 2023, the film's American reserved copyright expired, and the film entered the public domain in the U.S.